Which Roman city was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79?

Pompeii, a prosperous town on the Bay of Naples, was buried when Vesuvius erupted in AD 79. The eruption came in phases. First a towering column of ash and pumice rained down for hours, collapsing roofs and killing many who sheltered indoors; then the column collapsed and sent pyroclastic surges, avalanches of superheated gas and ash, racing down the slopes, which killed almost instantly anyone still there. The nearby town of Herculaneum was buried by those surges under a much deeper layer. What makes the site extraordinary is that the ash sealed everything: streets, shops, graffiti, loaves in ovens, wall paintings and household objects survived in place rather than being reused or rebuilt over. Voids left in the hardened ash by decayed bodies were later filled with plaster to make casts. Pliny the Younger watched from across the bay and wrote an account of it.

Vesuvius is still an active volcano with a very large population living around its base.