Which treaty formally ended the First World War with Germany?

The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, settled the terms between the Allies and Germany. The armistice of November 1918 had only stopped the fighting; the peace had to be negotiated, and it was, at a conference in Paris where Germany was not represented in the discussions and was presented with the result. The terms took territory from Germany in the east and west, stripped its colonies, capped the army at a hundred thousand men, banned an air force and submarines, and demanded reparations whose scale was left to a later commission. Most contentious was the war guilt clause, which assigned responsibility for the war's losses to Germany and provided the legal basis for the reparations. Whether the treaty was too harsh, or harsh without being enforceable, has been argued ever since. Separate treaties dealt with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

The League of Nations was created by the same settlement, though the United States never joined it.